Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus)

Guinea Pig Facts

Guinea pigs can live between 5-6 years, sexually mature as early as 2 months, gestation of approximately 70 days, and can have litters of up to 10 babies but 2-4 is more typical. Guinea pig babies are very developed when born and will start nibbling solid food as early as 2 days. Spay and neutering is possible and can help prevent some medical and behavioral problems. Guinea pigs can be wonderful, docile pets, when given good socialization but can be very fast and hard to pick up if not properly tamed.

Guinea Pig Housing

Guinea pigs need large, simple enclosures because they like to move their furniture and food containers around. They also produce large amounts of feces that will end up in their food and water containers. These will need to be cleaned out daily and the cage itself should be cleaned 3-4 times weekly. They are also known to backwash partially chewed food into their water bottles so water should be changed daily. Recycle paper products, corncob by-products, and shavings such as aspen, pine, or oak can be used as bedding. Despite the pleasant smell, cedar shavings should never be used because of their potential of causing medical problems. Guinea pigs do not climb or jump, so open top cages, such as large plastic storage containers can work well, but be aware of other pets or small children bothering them. A hide box will be helpful to give a sense of security and decrease stress. You can house guinea pigs alone or together depending on personality but be sure to keep then of the same sex to eliminate unexpected pregnancies. Even more than rabbits, guinea pigs are susceptible to heat stroke so keep them indoors and in a cool part of the house.

Guinea Pig Grooming

Guinea pigs may need periodic nail trims, occasional bathing, and sometimes they may even need their teeth trimmed if there has been trauma or are genetically malformed. Similar to dogs and cats, it is important to locate the quick, or the living part of the nail and stop about ½ a centimeter in front of that to avoid injuring the nail. Bathing is normally not necessary and should not be done more than once a month and a hypo-allergenic puppy or kitten shampoo should be used. Be warned they are not going to like it. Long hair breeds will need constant daily attention to their coat to avoid matting and skin disease and in some incidences may even need to be clipped. If you notice the incisors are over grown or any drooling, see their veterinarian because this may be an indication of sever problems. If the incisors need to be trimmed, do not attempt at home to avoid damaging the roots. If the molars need trimmed, see the vet, as the guinea pig will need anesthesia.

Guinea Pig Health Care

Guinea pigs should be seen by their veterinarian at least twice yearly and anytime you suspect there is a health issue. Some recommendations that there may be made are blood and urine analysis, fecal floats, dental work, radiographs and surgery to spay or neuter your pet. Never try treating your guinea pig yourself as improper medication can be fatal. Never postpone having your guinea pig examined as the sooner you bring your sick pet in the better the chance for success.

Guinea Pig Diet

No single factor has more overall affect on keeping your pet healthy then feeding a proper diet. Guinea pigs must have vitamin C added to their diet which is why it is important to offer free choice timothy hay pellets formulated specifically for guinea pigs. As well as pellets, free choice grass hay, preferably timothy hay, is very important. You can also offer ½ cup or more of leafy vegetables and fruits and other vegetables can be offered as treats. It is normal for guinea pigs to eat their feces periodically throughout the day. Obesity, urinary tract problems, breeding issues, and dental disease, can all be limited if an appropriate diet is observed. As well as proper food, it is important that guinea pigs have free choice,clean water at all times.